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Here is the breakdown of these three expressions. Level 1 "I go." أَذْهَبُ Adh-habu Word by word: أَذْهَبُ (adh-habu) → I go أَذْهَبُ comes from the root ذ ه ب meaning: to go, to depart, to disappear. The prefix أَ (a) marks the first person singular in the present tense. This is the present form. It means I am going now, or I go regularly. Level 2 "I return." أَرْجِعُ Arji'u Word by word: أَرْجِعُ (arji'u) → I return أَرْجِعُ comes from the root ر ج ع meaning: to return, to go back, to come back. The prefix أَ (a) marks first person. This is also present tense. You are not describing the past. You are describing the action as if it is happening. Level 3 "I enter" and "I exit." أَدْخُلُ Adkhulu أَخْرُجُ Akhruju Word by word: أَدْخُلُ (adkhulu) → I enter أَخْرُجُ (akhruju) → I exit أَدْخُلُ comes from د خ ل meaning: to enter, to go into. أَخْرُجُ comes from خ ر ج meaning: to exit, to come out. Both carry the first person prefix أَ (a). These are opposites in meaning but identical in structure. Same verb form, same tense, same speaker. Only the root changes. Watch this video to learn how to get fluent in Arabic: https://youtu.be/djyY0QYIoNU
